Phases of rehabilitation after shoulder dislocation
by Margie Olds
Shoulder dislocation is a common injury that can cause significant pain and limited mobility. Whether it occurs due to a sports-related incident or an accident, proper rehabilitation is crucial for a successful recovery. Rehabilitation after shoulder dislocation typically involves several phases, each focusing on specific goals and exercises. In this blog post, we will explore the different phases of rehabilitation and what you can expect during each stage of the recovery process.
Want a practical guide for your recovery?
Recover Strong explains shoulder rehabilitation after dislocation in clear, patient-friendly language.
Phase 1: Acute Phase (0-3 weeks)
During the acute phase, the primary goal is to reduce pain and inflammation, promote healing, and protect the injured shoulder. This phase typically lasts for the first four weeks after the dislocation. Treatment may involve immobilization with a sling or brace, pain management techniques, and gentle range of motion exercises to prevent stiffness.
Research from Dr Margie Olds in New Zealand shows that having your arm in a sling decreases the risk of having another shoulder dislocation. Our clinical advice is to keep the sling on while you need it for comfort. Typically, we advise that people remove the brace by at least three weeks after their dislocation and then begin moving the shoulder, following guidance from their healthcare professional.
Phase 2: Early Motion Phase (4-8 weeks)
Once the acute phase is over, the focus shifts to regaining range of motion and improving shoulder stability. Physical therapy exercises during this phase may include passive and active-assisted range of motion exercises, gentle stretching, and isometric strengthening exercises for the surrounding muscles. The goal is to gradually increase the range of motion while ensuring the shoulder remains stable.
Phase 3: Strengthening Phase (8-12 weeks)
In the strengthening phase, the emphasis is on building strength and stability in the shoulder joint. This phase typically starts around eight weeks after the injury. Physical therapy exercises may include resistance training, such as using resistance bands or weights, to target the muscles around the shoulder and shoulder blade. The goal is to improve muscle strength and endurance to support the joint and reduce the risk of future dislocations.
Phase 4: Functional Phase (12+ weeks)
The final phase of rehabilitation focuses on restoring full function and returning to normal activities. This phase typically begins around 12 weeks after the injury, but the timeline may vary depending on individual progress. Physical therapy exercises may involve functional movements that mimic daily activities or sports-specific movements. The goal is to improve overall shoulder function, stability and performance.
Returning to sport or activity?
Once your healthcare professional has cleared you to return, explore shoulder support braces for different stability needs.
The duration of each phase may vary depending on the severity of the injury and individual factors. It is essential to work closely with a healthcare professional or physical therapist who can tailor the rehabilitation programme to your needs and monitor your progress.
Conclusion
Rehabilitation after shoulder dislocation involves several phases, each with specific goals and exercises. By following a structured rehabilitation programme, you can work towards restoring shoulder function and reducing the risk of future dislocations. Consult a healthcare professional for personalised guidance throughout the process.
Dr Margie Olds has written an ebook specifically for patients who have had a shoulder dislocation and are completing rehabilitation. It may also be useful for physiotherapists and trainers who are not familiar with current research and evidence regarding shoulder instability rehabilitation.
